<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-11-979-2011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Modelling multi-phase halogen chemistry in the coastal marine boundary layer: investigation of the relative importance of local chemistry vs. long-range transport</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lowe</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ryder</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Leigh</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dorsey</surname>
<given-names>J. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>McFiggans</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>now at: Crichton Carbon Centre, Crichton University Campus, Dumfries, DG1 4ZL, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>979</fpage>
<lpage>994</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/979/2011/acp-11-979-2011.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/979/2011/acp-11-979-2011.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/979/2011/acp-11-979-2011.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/979/2011/acp-11-979-2011.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Measurements of significant concentrations of IO, I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
      and BrO in a semi-polluted coast environment at Roscoff, in
      North-West France, have been made as part of the Reactive Halogens in
      the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) campaign undertaken in September
      2006. We use a one-dimensional column model, with idealised I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
      emissions predicted using macroalgael maps and tidal data from the
      littoral area surrounding Roscoff, to investigate the probable causes
      for these observations. The coupled microphysical and chemical aerosol
      model simulates mixed-phase halogen chemistry using two separate
      particle modes, seasalt and non-seasalt, each comprising of eight
      size-sections. This work confirms the finding of a previous study that
      the BrO measurements are most likely caused by unknown, local
      sources. We find that the remote observations of IO and
      I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; are best replicated using the I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; recycling
      mechanism suggested by previous studies, but that such a mechanism is
      not wholly necessary. However in-situ measurements of I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
      can only be explained by invoking an I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; recycling mechanism.
      We suggest that focussed observations of
      the changes in NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations, as well as
      changes in the nitrate fraction of the non-seasalt aerosol mode, in
      the presence of I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; bursts could be used to determine the
      atmospheric relevance of the predicted I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; recycling mechanism.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="16"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Allan,~B J., McFiggans,~G B., Plane,~J M C., and Coe,~H.: Observations of iodine monoxide in the remote boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14363–14369, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> ApSimon,~H M., Barker,~B M., and Kayin,~S.: Modelling studies of the atmospheric release and transport of ammonia in anticyclonic episodes, Atmos. Environ., 28, 665–678, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bloss,~W J., Lee,~J D., Johnson,~G P., Sommariva,~R., Heard,~D E., Saiz-Lopez,~A., Plane,~J M C., McFiggans,~G., Coe,~H., Flynn,~M., Williams,~P., Rickard,~A R., and Fleming,~Z L.: Impact of halogen monoxide chemistry upon boundary layer OH and \chemHO_2 concentrations at a~coastal site, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L06814, \doi10.1029/2004GL022084, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Carpenter,~L J., Sturges,~W T., Penkett,~S A., Liss,~P S., Alicke,~B., Heibestreit,~K., and Platt,~U.: Short-lived alkyl iodides and bromides at Mace Head, Ireland: links to biogenic sources and halogen oxide production, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1679–1689, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Davis,~D., Crawford,~J., Liu,~S., McKeen,~S., Bandy,~A., Thornton,~D., Rowland,~F., and Blake,~D.: Potential impact of iodine on tropospheric levels of ozone and other critical oxidants, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2135–2147, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Edwards,~G D. and Monks,~P S.: Performance of a~single-monochromator diode array spectroradiometer for the determination of actinic flux and atmospheric photolysis frequencies, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8546, \doi10.1029/2002JD002844, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Gómez Martín, J C., Spietz, P., and Burrows, J P.: Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the $\mathrmI_2$/$\mathrmO_3$ photochemistry, The journal of physical chemistry. A, 111, 306–20, \doi10.1021/jp061186c, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Gómez Martín, J C., Ashworth, S H., Mahajan, A S., and Plane, J. M C.: Photochemistry of OIO: Laboratory study and atmospheric implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L09802, \doi10.1029/2009GL037642, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Gong,~S L.: A~parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub- and super-micron particles, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1097, \doi10.1029/2003GB002079, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Heard, D. E., Read, K. A., Methven, J., Al-Haider, S., Bloss, W. J., Johnson, G. P., Pilling, M. J., Seakins, P. W., Smith, S. C., Sommariva, R., Stanton, J. C., Still, T. J., Ingham, T., Brooks, B., De Leeuw, G., Jackson, A. V., McQuaid, J. B., Morgan, R., Smith, M. H., Carpenter, L. J., Carslaw, N., Hamilton, J., Hopkins, J. R., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Purvis, R. M., Wevill, D. J., Brough, N., Green, T., Mills, G., Penkett, S. A., Plane, J. M. C., Saiz-Lopez, A., Worton, D., Monks, P. S., Fleming, Z., Rickard, A. R., Alfarra, M. R., Allan, J. D., Bower, K., Coe, H., Cubison, M., Flynn, M., McFiggans, G., Gallagher, M., Norton, E. G., O&apos;Dowd, C. D., Shillito, J., Topping, D., Vaughan, G., Williams, P., Bitter, M., Ball, S. M., Jones, R. L., Povey, I. M., O&apos;Doherty, S., Simmonds, P. G., Allen, A., Kinnersley, R. P., Beddows, D. C. S., Dall&apos;Osto, M., Harrison, R. M., Donovan, R. J., Heal, M. R., Jennings, S. G., Noone, C., and Spain, G.: The North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment(NAMBLEX). Overview of the campaign held at Mace Head, Ireland, in summer 2002, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2241–2272, doi:10.5194/acp-6-2241-2006, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hoffmann,~T., O&apos;Dowd,~C D., and Seinfeld,~J H.: Iodine oxide homogeneous nucleation: An explanation for coastal new particle formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1949–1952, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hoppel,~W A., Caffrey,~P., and Frick,~G M.: Addition of Vertical Velocity to a~One-Dimensional Aerosol and Trace Gas Model, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, NRL/MR/7228–05-8852, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kaltsoyannis,~N. and Plane,~J M C.: Quantum chemical calculations on a~selection of iodine-containing species (IO, OIO, \chemINO_3, \chem(IO)_2, \chemI_2O_3, \chemI_2O_4 and \chemI_2O_5) of importance in the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 1723–1733, \doi10.1039/b715687c, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Langridge, J M., Ball, S M., Shillings, A. J L., and Jones, R L.: A broadband absorption spectrometer using light emitting diodes for ultrasensitive, in situ trace gas detection, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, 123110, \doi10.1063/1.3046282, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Leigh, R. J., Ball, S. M., Whitehead, J., Leblanc, C., Shillings, A. J. L., Mahajan, A. S., Oetjen, H., Lee, J. D., Jones, C. E., Dorsey, J. R., Gallagher, M., Jones, R. L., Plane, J. M. C., Potin, P., and McFiggans, G.: Measurements and modelling of molecular iodine emissions, transport and photodestruction in the coastal region around Roscoff, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11823–11838, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11823-2010, 2010.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lowe, D., Topping, D., and McFiggans, G.: Modelling multi-phase halogen chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer: investigation of the influence of aerosol size resolution on predicted gas- and condensed-phase chemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4559–4573, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4559-2009, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mahajan,~A S., Oetjen,~H., Lee,~J D., Saiz-Lopez,~A., McFiggans,~G B., and Plane,~J M.: High bromine oxide concentrations in the semi-polluted boundary layer, Atmos. Environ., 43, 3811–3818, \doi10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.033, 2009a. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mahajan,~A S., Oetjen,~H., Saiz-Lopez,~A., Lee,~J D., McFiggans,~G B., and Plane,~J M C.: Reactive iodine species in a~semi-polluted environment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16803, \doi10.1029/2009GL038018, 2009b. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mahajan, A. S., Plane, J. M. C., Oetjen, H., Mendes, L., Saunders, R. W., Saiz-Lopez, A., Jones, C. E., Carpenter, L. J., and McFiggans, G. B.: Measurement and modelling of tropospheric reactive halogen species over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4611–4624, doi:10.5194/acp-10-4611-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McFiggans,~G., Plane,~J M C., Allan,~B J., Carpenter,~L J., Coe,~H., and O&apos;Dowd,~C.: A~modeling study of iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14371–14385, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McFiggans, G., Coe, H., Burgess, R., Allan, J., Cubison, M., Alfarra, M. R., Saunders, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Plane, J. M. C., Wevill, D., Carpenter, L., Rickard, A. R., and Monks, P. S.: Direct evidence for coastal iodine particles from Laminaria macroalgae – linkage to emissions of molecular iodine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 701–713, doi:10.5194/acp-4-701-2004, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> McFiggans, G., Bale, C. S. E., Ball, S. M., Beames, J. M., Bloss, W. J., Carpenter, L. J., Dorsey, J., Dunk, R., Flynn, M. J., Furneaux, K. L., Gallagher, M. W., Heard, D. E., Hollingsworth, A. M., Hornsby, K., Ingham, T., Jones, C. E., Jones, R. L., Kramer, L. J., Langridge, J. M., Leblanc, C., LeCrane, J.-P., Lee, J. D., Leigh, R. J., Longley, I., Mahajan, A. S., Monks, P. S., Oetjen, H., Orr-Ewing, A. J., Plane, J. M. C., Potin, P., Shillings, A. J. L., Thomas, F., von Glasow, R., Wada, R., Whalley, L. K., and Whitehead, J. D.: Iodine-mediated coastal particle formation: an overview of the Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) Roscoff coastal study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2975–2999, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2975-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Monahan,~E C., Spiel,~D E., and Davidson,~K L.: A~model of marine aerosol generation via whitecaps and wave disruption, in: Oceanic Whitecaps, edited by: Monahan,~E C. and Niocaill,~G M., 167–174, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1986. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Myrup,~L O. and Ranzieri,~A J.: A~Consistent Scheme for Estimating Diffusivities to Be Used in Air Quality Models, Tech. Rep. CA-DOT-TL-7169-3-76-32, California Department of Transportation, 1976. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> O&apos;Dowd,~C D., Smith,~M H., Conserdine,~I E., and Lowe,~J A.: Marine aerosol, sea salt, and the marine sulphur cycle: a~short review, Atmos. Environ., 31, 73–80, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> O&apos;Dowd,~C D., Jimenez,~J L., Bahreini,~R., Flagan,~R C., Seinfeld,~J H., Hameri,~K., Pirjola,~L., Kulmala,~M., and Jennings,~S G.: Marine aerosol formation from biogenic emissions, Nature, 417, 632–636, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Palmer,~C J., Anders,~T L., Carpenter,~L J., Küpper,~F C., and McFiggans,~G.: Iodine and halocarbon response of Laminaria Digitata to oxidative stress and links to atmospheric new particle production, Environ. Chem., 2, 282–290, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pechtl, S., Lovejoy, E. R., Burkholder, J. B., and von Glasow, R.: Modeling the possible role of iodine oxides in atmospheric new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 505–523, doi:10.5194/acp-6-505-2006, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Peters, C., Pechtl, S., Stutz, J., Hebestreit, K., Hönninger, G., Heumann, K. G., Schwarz, A., Winterlik, J., and Platt, U.: Reactive and organic halogen species in three different European coastal environments, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3357–3375, doi:10.5194/acp-5-3357-2005, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Platt,~U. and Hönninger,~G.: The role of halogen species in the troposphere, Chemosphere, 51, 325–338, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Porter,~J N. and Clarke,~A D.: Aerosol size distribution models based on in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6035–6045, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Press,~W H., Flannery,~B P., Teukolsky,~S A., and Vetterling,~W T.: Numerical Recipes (FORTRAN Version), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pyles, R D., Weare, B C., Paw U, K T., and Gustafson, W.: Coupling between the University of California, Davis, Advanced Canopy-Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm (ACASA) and MM5: preliminary results for July 1998 for Western North America, J. Appl. Meterol., 42, 557–569, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pyles, R D., Paw U, K T., and Falk, M.: Directional wind shear within an old-growth temperate rainforest: observations and model results, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 125, 19–31, \doi10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.03.007, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Quinn, P K., Bates, T S., Johnson, J E., Covert, D S., and Charlson, R J.: Interactions between the sulfur and reduced nitrogen cycles over the central Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys, Res., 95, 16405–16416, 1990. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Read,~K A., Mahajan,~A S., Carpenter,~L J., Evans,~M J., Faria,~B V E., Heard,~D E., Hopkins,~J R., Lee,~J D., Moller,~S J., Lewis,~A C., Mendes,~L., McQuaid,~J B., Oetjen,~H., Saiz-Lopez,~A., Pilling,~M J., and Plane,~J M C.: Extensive halogen-mediated ozone destruction over the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 453, 1232–1235, \doi10.1038/nature07035, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saiz-Lopez,~A. and Plane,~J M C.: Novel iodine chemistry in the marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L04112, doi:10.1029/2003GL019215, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saiz-Lopez,~A., Plane,~J M C., and Shillito,~J A.: Bromine oxide in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03111, doi:10.1029/2003GL018956, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saiz-Lopez, A., Plane, J. M. C., McFiggans, G., Williams, P. I., Ball, S. M., Bitter, M., Jones, R. L., Hongwei, C., and Hoffmann, T.: Modelling molecular iodine emissions in a coastal marine environment: the link to new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 883–895, doi:10.5194/acp-6-883-2006, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref40">
<label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saiz-Lopez, A., Plane, J. M. C., Mahajan, A. S., Anderson, P. S., Bauguitte, S. J.-B., Jones, A. E., Roscoe, H. K., Salmon, R. A., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., and Heard, D. E.: On the vertical distribution of boundary layer halogens over coastal Antarctica: implications for O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, HO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and the Hg lifetime, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 887–900, doi:10.5194/acp-8-887-2008, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref41">
<label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sander, R. and Crutzen, P J.: Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9121–9138, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref42">
<label>42</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sander, R., Keene, W. C., Pszenny, A. A. P., Arimoto, R., Ayers, G. P., Baboukas, E., Cainey, J. M., Crutzen, P. J., Duce, R. A., Hönninger, G., Huebert, B. J., Maenhaut, W., Mihalopoulos, N., Turekian, V. C., and Van Dingenen, R.: Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1301–1336, doi:10.5194/acp-3-1301-2003, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref43">
<label>43</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saunders, R W. and Plane, J. M C.: Formation Pathways and Composition of Iodine Oxide Ultra-Fine Particles, Environ. Chem., 2, 299–303, \doi10.1071/EN05079, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref44">
<label>44</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Saunders, R W., Kumar, R., Gómez Martín, J C., Mahajan, A S., Murray, B J., and Plane, J. M C.: Studies of the formation and growth of aerosol from molecular iodine precursor, Z. Phys. Chem., 224, 1095–1117, \doi10.1524/zpch.2010.6143, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref45">
<label>45</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Slinn,~S A. and Slinn,~W G N.: Predictions for particle deposition on natural waters, Atmos. Environ., 14, 1013–1016, 1980. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref46">
<label>46</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Topping,~D., Lowe,~D., and McFiggans,~G.: Partial Derivative Fitted Taylor Expansion: An efficient method for calculating gas-liquid equilibria in atmospheric aerosol particles: 1. Inorganic compounds, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04304, \doi10.1029/2008JD010099, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref47">
<label>47</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Toyota,~K., Takahashi,~M., and Akimoto,~H.: Modeling multi-phase halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer with size-segregated aerosol module: implications for quasi-size-dependent approach, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2899–2902, \doi10.1029/2001GL012916, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref48">
<label>48</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Vogt,~R., Crutzen,~P J., and Sander,~R.: A~mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature, 383, 327–330, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref49">
<label>49</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Vogt, R., Sander, R., von Glasow, R., and Crutzen, P J.: Iodine Chemistry and its Role in Halogen Activation and Ozone Loss in the Marine Boundary Layer: A Model Study, J. Atmos. Chem., 32, 375–395, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref50">
<label>50</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> von Glasow, R., Sander, R., Bott, A., and Crutzen, P J.: Modeling halogen chemistry in the marine boundary layer 1. Cloud-free MBL, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4341, \doi10.1029/2001JD000942, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref51">
<label>51</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wada,~R., Beames,~J M., and Orr-Ewing,~A J.: Measurement of IO radical concentrations in the marine boundary layer using a~cavity ring-down spectrometer, J. Atmos. Chem., 58, 69–87, \doi10.1007/s10874-007-9080-z, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref52">
<label>52</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Whalley,~L K., Furneaux,~K L., Gravestock,~T., Atkinson,~H M., Bale,~C S E., Ingham,~T., Bloss,~W J., and Heard,~D E.: Detection of iodine monoxide radicals in the marine boundary layer using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy, J. Atmos. Chem., 58, 19–39, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>