References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-11-6475-2011

Spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship of sulfur in Northeast Asia

Kajino

¹ ⁵ Ueda

² Sato

³ Sakurai

⁴

Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Dept. of Environ. and Life Engineering, Toyohashi Institute of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan

Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan

Japan NUS Co. LTD, Tokyo, Japan

now at: Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan

07 07 2011

11 13 6475 6491

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The spatial distribution of the source-receptor relationship (SRR) of sulfur over Northeast Asia was examined using a chemical transport model (RAQM) off-line coupled with a meteorological model (MM5). The simulation was conducted for the entire year of 2002. The results were evaluated using monitoring data for six remote stations of the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). The modeled SO2 and O3 concentrations agreed well with the observations quantitatively. The modeled aerosol and wet deposition fluxes of SO42− were underestimated by 30 % and 50 %, respectively. The domain was divided into 5 source-receptor regions: (I) North China; (II) Central China; (III) South China; (IV) South Korea; and (V) Japan. The sulfur deposition in each receptor region amounted to about 50–75 % of the emissions from the same region. The largest contribution to the deposition in each region was originated from the same region, accounting for 53–84 %. The second largest contribution was due to Region II, supplying 14–43 %. The spatial distributions of the SRRs revealed that subregional values varied by about two times more than regional averages due to nonuniformity across the deposition fields. Examining the spatial distributions of the deposition fields was important for identifying subregional areas where the deposition was highest within a receptor region. The horizontal distribution changed substantially according to season.

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