ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-11-6049-2011 Role of sea surface temperature responses in simulation of the climatic effect of mineral dust aerosol Yue X. 1 2 6 Liao H. 1 3 Wang H. J. 1 2 Li S. L. 2 Tang J. P. 4 5 Climate Change Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing, China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing, China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing, China Graduate University of CAS, Beijing, China now at: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 28 06 2011 11 12 6049 6062 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/6049/2011/acp-11-6049-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/6049/2011/acp-11-6049-2011.pdf

Mineral dust aerosol can be transported over the nearby oceans and influence the energy balance at the sea surface. The role of dust-induced sea surface temperature (SST) responses in simulations of the climatic effect of dust is examined by using a general circulation model with online simulation of mineral dust and a coupled mixed-layer ocean model. Both the longwave and shortwave radiative effects of mineral dust aerosol are considered in climate simulations. The SST responses are found to be very influential on simulated dust-induced climate change, especially when climate simulations consider the two-way dust-climate coupling to account for the feedbacks. With prescribed SSTs and dust concentrations, we obtain an increase of 0.02 K in the global and annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) in response to dust radiative effects. In contrast, when SSTs are allowed to respond to radiative forcing of dust in the presence of the dust cycle-climate interactions, we obtain a global and annual mean cooling of 0.09 K in SAT by dust. The extra cooling simulated with the SST responses can be attributed to the following two factors: (1) The negative net (shortwave plus longwave) radiative forcing of dust at the surface reduces SST, which decreases latent heat fluxes and upward transport of water vapor, resulting in less warming in the atmosphere; (2) The positive feedback between SST responses and dust cycle. The dust-induced reductions in SST lead to reductions in precipitation (or wet deposition of dust) and hence increase the global burden of small dust particles. These small particles have strong scattering effects, which enhance the dust cooling at the surface and further reduce SSTs.

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