References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-11-4899-2011

Modeling chemistry in and above snow at Summit, Greenland – Part 1: Model description and results

Thomas

J. L.

¹ ⁸ Stutz

¹ Lefer

² Huey

L. G.

³ Toyota

⁴ ⁵ Dibb

J. E.

⁶ von Glasow

⁷

University of California, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA

School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK

now at: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, UMR 8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France

26 05 2011

11 10 4899 4914

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/4899/2011/acp-11-4899-2011.pdf

Sun-lit snow is increasingly recognized as a chemical reactor that plays an active role in uptake, transformation, and release of atmospheric trace gases. Snow is known to influence boundary layer air on a local scale, and given the large global surface coverage of snow may also be significant on regional and global scales. We present a new detailed one-dimensional snow chemistry module that has been coupled to the 1-D atmospheric boundary layer model MISTRA. The new 1-D snow module, which is dynamically coupled to the overlaying atmospheric model, includes heat transport in the snowpack, molecular diffusion, and wind pumping of gases in the interstitial air. The model includes gas phase chemical reactions both in the interstitial air and the atmosphere. Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry on atmospheric aerosol is considered explicitly. The chemical interaction of interstitial air with snow grains is simulated assuming chemistry in a liquid-like layer (LLL) on the grain surface. The coupled model, referred to as MISTRA-SNOW, was used to investigate snow as the source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and gas phase reactive bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer in the remote snow covered Arctic (over the Greenland ice sheet) as well as to investigate the link between halogen cycling and ozone depletion that has been observed in interstitial air. The model is validated using data taken 10 June–13 June, 2008 as part of the Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx experiment (GSHOX). The model predicts that reactions involving bromide and nitrate impurities in the surface snow can sustain atmospheric NO and BrO mixing ratios measured at Summit, Greenland during this period.

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