References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-11-4425-2011

Evaluation of the carbon content of aerosols from the burning of biomass in the Brazilian Amazon using thermal, optical and thermal-optical analysis methods

Soto-García

L. L.

¹ ² Andreae

M. O.

³ Andreae

T. W.

³ Artaxo

⁴ Maenhaut

⁵ Kirchstetter

⁶ Novakov

⁶ Chow

J. C.

⁷ Mayol-Bracero

O. L.

Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Studies, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

Institute for Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA

12 05 2011

11 9 4425 4444

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/4425/2011/acp-11-4425-2011.pdf

Aerosol samples were collected at a pasture site in the Amazon Basin as part of the project LBA-SMOCC-2002 (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia – Smoke Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate: Aerosols from Biomass Burning Perturb Global and Regional Climate). Sampling was conducted during the late dry season, when the aerosol composition was dominated by biomass burning emissions, especially in the submicron fraction. A 13-stage Dekati low-pressure impactor (DLPI) was used to collect particles with nominal aerodynamic diameters (Dp) ranging from 0.03 to 0.10 μm. Gravimetric analyses of the DLPI substrates and filters were performed to obtain aerosol mass concentrations. The concentrations of total, apparent elemental, and organic carbon (TC, ECa, and OC) were determined using thermal and thermal-optical analysis (TOA) methods. A light transmission method (LTM) was used to determine the concentration of equivalent black carbon (BCe) or the absorbing fraction at 880 nm for the size-resolved samples. During the dry period, due to the pervasive presence of fires in the region upwind of the sampling site, concentrations of fine aerosols (Dp<2.5 μm: average 59.8 μg m−3) were higher than coarse aerosols (Dp> 2.5 μm: 4.1 μg m−3). Carbonaceous matter, estimated as the sum of the particulate organic matter (i.e., OC × 1.8) plus BCe, comprised more than 90% to the total aerosol mass. Concentrations of ECa (estimated by thermal analysis with a correction for charring) and BCe (estimated by LTM) averaged 5.2 ± 1.3 and 3.1 ± 0.8 μg m−3, respectively. The determination of EC was improved by extracting water-soluble organic material from the samples, which reduced the average light absorption Ångström exponent of particles in the size range of 0.1 to 1.0 μm from >2.0 to approximately 1.2. The size-resolved BCe measured by the LTM showed a clear maximum between 0.4 and 0.6 μm in diameter. The concentrations of OC and BCe varied diurnally during the dry period, and this variation is related to diurnal changes in boundary layer thickness and in fire frequency.

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