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www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/3757/2011/
doi:10.5194/acp-11-3757-2011
© Author(s) 2011. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Dynamical states of low temperature cirrus
1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
2School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
*now at: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Abstract. Low ice crystal concentration and sustained in-cloud supersaturation, commonly found in cloud observations at low temperature, challenge our understanding of cirrus formation. Heterogeneous freezing from effloresced ammonium sulfate, glassy aerosol, dust and black carbon are proposed to cause these phenomena; this requires low updrafts for cirrus characteristics to agree with observations and is at odds with the gravity wave spectrum in the upper troposphere. Background temperature fluctuations however can establish a "dynamical equilibrium" between ice production and sedimentation loss (as opposed to ice crystal formation during the first stages of cloud evolution and subsequent slow cloud decay) that explains low temperature cirrus properties. This newly-discovered state is favored at low temperatures and does not require heterogeneous nucleation to occur (the presence of ice nuclei can however facilitate its onset). Our understanding of cirrus clouds and their role in anthropogenic climate change is reshaped, as the type of dynamical forcing will set these clouds in one of two "preferred" microphysical regimes with very different susceptibility to aerosol.
Final Revised Paper (PDF, 3314 KB) Discussion Paper (ACPD)
Citation: Barahona, D. and Nenes, A.: Dynamical states of low temperature cirrus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3757-3771, doi:10.5194/acp-11-3757-2011, 2011. Bibtex EndNote Reference Manager XML
