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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-11-2671-2011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Aschmann</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sinnhuber</surname>
<given-names>B.-M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chipperfield</surname>
<given-names>M. P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hossaini</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>now at: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>2671</fpage>
<lpage>2687</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2671/2011/acp-11-2671-2011.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2671/2011/acp-11-2671-2011.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Stratospheric bromine loading due to very short-lived substances is
      investigated with a three-dimensional chemical transport model over
      a period of 21 years using meteorological input data from the European
      Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-Interim reanalysis from
      1989 to the end of 2009. Within this framework we analyze the impact
      of dehydration and deep convection on the amount of stratospheric
      bromine using an idealized and a detailed full chemistry approach. We
      model the two most important brominated short-lived substances,
      bromoform (CHBr&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) and dibromomethane (CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Br&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;),
      assuming a uniform convective detrainment mixing ratio of 1 part per trillion by
      volume (pptv) for both species. The contribution of very short-lived
      substances to stratospheric bromine varies drastically with the
      applied dehydration mechanism and the associated scavenging of soluble
      species ranging from 3.4 pptv in the idealized setup up to 5 pptv
      using the full chemistry scheme. In the latter case virtually the
      entire amount of bromine originating from very short-lived source
      gases is able to reach the stratosphere thus rendering the impact of
      dehydration and scavenging on inorganic bromine in the tropopause
      insignificant. Furthermore, our long-term calculations show that the
      mixing ratios of very short-lived substances are strongly correlated
      to convective activity, i.e. intensified convection leads to higher
      amounts of very short-lived substances in the upper troposphere/lower
      stratosphere especially under extreme conditions like El Niño
      seasons. However, this does not apply to the inorganic brominated
      product gases whose concentrations are anti-correlated to convective
      activity mainly due to convective dilution and possible scavenging,
      depending on the applied approach.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="17"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
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