References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-11-2603-2011

Comparison of ambient aerosol extinction coefficients obtained from in-situ, MAX-DOAS and LIDAR measurements at Cabauw

Zieger

¹ Weingartner

¹ Henzing

² Moerman

² de Leeuw

² ³ ⁴ Mikkilä

⁴ Ehn

⁴ Petäjä

⁴ Clémer

⁵ van Roozendael

⁵ Yilmaz

⁶ Frieß

⁶ Irie

⁷ Wagner

⁸ Shaiganfar

⁸ Beirle

⁸ Apituley

⁹ ¹⁰ Wilson

⁹ ¹⁰ Baltensperger

Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3508 Utrecht, The Netherlands

Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland

University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 Helsinki, Finland

Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium

University of Heidelberg, Institute of Environmental Physics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Research Institute for Global Change, Yokohama, Japan

Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Joh.-Joachim-Becher-Weg 27, 5512 Mainz, Germany

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, 3721 Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands

18 03 2011

11 6 2603 2624

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In the field, aerosol in-situ measurements are often performed under dry conditions (relative humidity RH<30–40%). Since ambient aerosol particles experience hygroscopic growth at enhanced RH, their microphysical and optical properties – especially the aerosol light scattering – are also strongly dependent on RH. The knowledge of this RH effect is of crucial importance for climate forcing calculations or for the comparison of remote sensing with in-situ measurements. Here, we will present results from a four-month campaign which took place in summer 2009 in Cabauw, The Netherlands. The aerosol scattering coefficient σsp(λ) was measured dry and at various, predefined RH conditions between 20 and 95% with a humidified nephelometer. The scattering enhancement factor f(RH,λ) is the key parameter to describe the effect of RH on σsp(λ) and is defined as σsp(RH,λ) measured at a certain RH divided by the dry σsp(dry,λ). The measurement of f(RH,λ) together with the dry absorption measurement (assumed not to change with RH) allows the determination of the actual extinction coefficient σep(RH,λ) at ambient RH. In addition, a wide range of other aerosol properties were measured in parallel. The measurements were used to characterize the effects of RH on the aerosol optical properties. A closure study showed the consistency of the aerosol in-situ measurements. Due to the large variability of air mass origin (and thus aerosol composition) a simple parameterization of f(RH,λ) could not be established. If f(RH,λ) needs to be predicted, the chemical composition and size distribution need to be known. Measurements of four MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments were used to retrieve vertical profiles of σep(λ). The values of the lowest layer were compared to the in-situ values after conversion of the latter ones to ambient RH. The comparison showed a good correlation of R2 = 0.62–0.78, but the extinction coefficients from MAX-DOAS were a factor of 1.5–3.4 larger than the in-situ values. Best agreement is achieved for a few cases characterized by low aerosol optical depths and low planetary boundary layer heights. Differences were shown to be dependent on the applied MAX-DOAS retrieval algorithm. The comparison of the in-situ extinction data to a Raman LIDAR (light detection and ranging) showed a good correlation and higher values measured by the LIDAR (R2 = 0.82−0.85, slope of 1.69–1.76) if the Raman retrieved profile was used to extrapolate the directly measured extinction coefficient to the ground. The comparison improved if only nighttime measurements were used in the comparison (R2 = 0.96, slope of 1.12).

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