ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-11-2309-2011 An overview of the HIBISCUS campaign Pommereau J.-P. 1 Garnier A. 1 Held G. 2 Gomes A. M. 2 Goutail F. 1 Durry G. 1 16 Borchi F. 1 Hauchecorne A. 1 Montoux N. 1 Cocquerez P. 3 Letrenne G. 3 Vial F. 4 Hertzog A. 5 Legras B. 4 Pisso I. 4 Pyle J. A. 5 Harris N. R. P. 5 Jones R. L. 5 Robinson A. D. 5 Hansford G. 5 Eden L. 5 Gardiner T. 6 Swann N. 6 Knudsen B. 7 Larsen N. 7 Nielsen J. K. 7 Christensen T. 7 Cairo F. 8 Fierli F. 8 Pirre M. 9 Marécal V. 9 Huret N. 9 Rivière E. D. 9 16 Coe H. 10 Grosvenor D. 10 Edvarsen K. 11 Di Donfrancesco G. 12 Ricaud P. 13 Berthelier J.-J. 14 Godefroy M. 14 Seran E. 14 Longo K. 15 Freitas S. 15 CNRS-Service d'Aéronomie (SA), now: CNRS-LATMOS, Université de Versailles, France Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas, UNESP, Bauru, Brazil Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France CNRS-Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Palaiseau, France University of Cambridge (UCAM), Dept. of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (CNR-ISAC), Roma, Italy CNRS-Laboratoire de Physique et Chime de l'Environnement (LPCE), Orléans, France University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, (ENEA), Roma, Italy CNRS Laboratoire d'Aérologie (LA), Toulouse, France Centre d'Etude des Environnements Terrestre et Planétaires (CETP), now: CNRS-LATMOS, Université de Versailles St. Maur, France Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climàticos (CPTEC), Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil now at: Université de Reims Champagne-Ardennes, CNRS Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), France 15 03 2011 11 5 2309 2339 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2309/2011/acp-11-2309-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/2309/2011/acp-11-2309-2011.pdf

The EU HIBISCUS project consisted of a series of field campaigns during the intense convective summers in 2001, 2003 and 2004 in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Its objective was to investigate the impact of deep convection on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and the lower stratosphere by providing a new set of observational data on meteorology, tracers of horizontal and vertical transport, water vapour, clouds, and chemistry in the tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS). This was achieved using short duration research balloons to study local phenomena associated with convection over land, and long-duration balloons circumnavigating the globe to study the contrast between land and oceans. <br><br> Analyses of observations of short-lived tracers, ozone and ice particles show strong episodic local updraughts of cold air across the lapse rate tropopause up to 18 or 19 km (420–440 K) in the lower stratosphere by overshooting towers. The long duration balloon and satellite measurements reveal a contrast between the composition of the lower stratosphere over land and oceanic areas, suggesting significant global impact of such events. The overshoots are shown to be well captured by non-hydrostatic meso-scale Cloud Resolving Models indicating vertical velocities of 50–60 m s<sup>−1</sup> at the top of the Neutral Buoyancy Level (NBL) at around 14 km, but, in contrast, are poorly represented by global Chemistry-Transport Models (CTM) forced by Numerical Weather Forecast Models (NWP) underestimating the overshooting process. Finally, the data collected by the HIBISCUS balloons have allowed a thorough evaluation of temperature NWP analyses and reanalyses, as well as satellite ozone, nitrogen oxide, water vapour and bromine oxide measurements in the tropics.

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