ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-11-1949-2011 Sensitivity of global cloud condensation nuclei concentrations to primary sulfate emission parameterizations Luo G. 1 Yu F. 1 Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, 251 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, USA 03 03 2011 11 5 1949 1959 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1949/2011/acp-11-1949-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1949/2011/acp-11-1949-2011.pdf

The impact of primary sulfate emissions on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, one of the major uncertainties in global CCN predictions, depends on the fraction of sulfur mass emitted as primary sulfate particles (<i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub>), the fraction of primary sulfate mass distributed into the nucleation mode particles (<i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub>), and the nucleation and growth processes in the ambient atmosphere. Here, we use a global size-resolved aerosol microphysics model recently developed to study how the different parameterizations of primary sulfate emission affect particle properties and CCN abundance. Different from previous studies, we use the ion-mediated nucleation scheme to simulate tropospheric particle formation. The kinetic condensation of low volatile secondary organic gas (SOG) (in addition to H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> gas) on nucleated particles is calculated based on our new scheme that considers the SOG volatility changes arising from the oxidation aging. Our simulations show a compensation effect of nucleation to primary sulfate emission. We find that the change of <i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub> from 5% to 15% has a more significant impact on the simulated particle number budget than that of <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub> within the range of 2.5–5%. Based on our model configurations, an increase of <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub> from 0% to 2.5% (with <i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub> = 5%) does not improve the agreement between simulated and observed annual mean number concentrations of particles >10 nm at 21 stations but further increase of either <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub> from 2.5% to 5% (with <i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub> = 5%) or <i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub> from 5% to 15% (with <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub> = 2.5%) substantially deteriorates the agreement. For <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub> of 2.5%–5% and <i>f</i><sub>nucl</sub> of 5%, our simulations indicate that the global CCN at supersaturation of 0.2% increases by 8–11% in the boundary layer and 3–5% in the whole troposphere (compared to the case with <i>f</i><sub>sulfate</sub>=0).

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