<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-11-175-2011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties observed by means of a Raman lidar at an EARLINET site over Northeastern Spain</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sicard</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rocadenbosch</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reba</surname>
<given-names>M. N. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Comerón</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tomás</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>García-Vízcaino</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Batet</surname>
<given-names>O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barrios</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baldasano</surname>
<given-names>J. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Remote Sensing Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/Institut d&apos;Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Remote Sensing Lab., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Earth Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Environmental Modeling Laboratory, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>175</fpage>
<lpage>190</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/175/2011/acp-11-175-2011.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/175/2011/acp-11-175-2011.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/175/2011/acp-11-175-2011.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/175/2011/acp-11-175-2011.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The annual and seasonal variability of aerosol optical properties observed
by means of a Raman lidar over Northeastern Spain has been assessed. The
lidar representativeness has first been checked against sun-photometer
measurements in terms of aerosol optical thickness. Then the annual cycle
and the seasonal variability of the planetary boundary layer aerosol optical
thickness and its fraction compared to the columnar optical thickness, the
lidar ratio, the backscatter-related Ångström exponent and the
planetary boundary layer height are analyzed and discussed. Winter and
summer mean profiles of extinction, backscatter and lidar ratio retrieved
with the Raman algorithm are presented. The analysis shows the impact of
most of the natural events (Saharan dust intrusions, wildfires, etc.) and
meteorological situations (summer anticyclonic situation, the formation of
the Iberian thermal low, winter long-range transport from North Europe
and/or North America, re-circulation flows, etc.) occurring in the Barcelona
area. A detailed study of a special event including a combined intrusion of
Saharan dust and biomass-burning particles proves the suitability of
combining the retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Raman and pure
elastic lidar measurements to discriminate spatially different types of
aerosols and to follow their spatial and temporal evolution.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="16"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Amiridis, V., Balis, D. S., Kazadzis, S., Bais, A., Giannakaki, E., Papayannis, A., and Zerefos, C.: Four-year aerosol observations with a Raman lidar at Thessaloniki, Greece, in the framework of European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10203, doi:10.1029/2005JD006190, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Ansmann, A., Riebesell, M., and Weitkamp, C.: Measurement of atmospheric aerosol extinction profiles with a Raman lidar, Opt. Lett., 15(13), 746–748, 1990. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Ansmann, A., Wandinger U., Riebesell M., Weitkamp C., and Michaelis, W.: Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus-clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar, Appl. Opt., 31, 7113–7131, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Balis, D., Amiridis, V., Zerefos, C., Gerasopoulos, E., Andreae, M., Zanis, P., Kazantzidis, A., Kazadzis, S., and Papayannis, A.: Raman lidar and sunphotometric measurements of aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki, Greece during a biomass burning episode, Atmos. Environ., 37, 4529–4538, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Barlow, R. J.: Statistics. A Guide to the Use of Statistical Methods in Physical Sciences, Wiley, Chichester, United Kingdom, 1989. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Beck, J. P., Kryzanowski, M., and Koffi, B.: Ozone in the European Union, in: The Consolidated Report by the European Topic Centre Air Quality, European Commission, Office for Official Publication, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bösenberg, J., Ansmann, A., Baldasano, J. M., Balis, D., Böckmann, C., Calpini, B., Chaikovsky, A., Flamant, P., Hagard, A., Mitev, V., Papayannis, A., Pelon, J., Resendes, D., Schneider, J., Spinelli, N., Trickl, T., Vaughan, G., Visconti, G., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET: A European aerosol research lidar network, in Proceedings of the 20th ILRC, Vichy, France, 155–158, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> De Leeuw, F., Sluyter, R, van Breugel, P., and Bogman, F.: Air Pollution by ozone in Europe in 1999 and the summer of 2000, European Environmental Agency Topic Report number 1/2001, EEA, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> De Tomasi, F., Blanco, A., and Perrone, M. R.: Raman lidar monitoring of extinction and backscattering of African dust layers and dust characterization, Appl. Opt., 42, 1699–1709, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Draxler, R. R. and Rolph, G. D.: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, available at: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Estellés, V., Martínez-Lozano, J. A., Utrillas, M. P., and Campanelli, M.: Columnar aerosol properties in Valencia (Spain) byground-based Sun photometry, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11201, doi:10.1029/2006JD008167, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Fernald, F. G.: Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations: some comments, Appl. Opt., 23, 652–653, 1984. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanre, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET: A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16, 1998. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Van Dorland, R.: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in Climate Change 2007, in: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller H. L., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 129–234, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jiménez, P., Lelieveld, J., and Baldasano, J. M.: Multiscale modeling of air pollutants dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean basin during a typical summertime episode, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006516, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Jorba, O., Pérez, C., Rocadenbosch, F., and Baldasano, J. M.: Cluster Analysis of 4-Day Backtrajectories Arriving in the Barcelona Area (Spain) from 1997 to 2002, J. Appl. Meteorol., 43, 887–901, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kallos, G., Nickovic, S., Jovic, D., Kakaliagou, O., Papadopoulos, A., Misirlis, N., Boukas, L., Mimikou, N., Sakellaridis, G., Papageorgiou, J., Anadranistakis, E., and Manousakis, M.: The Regional Weather Forecasting System SKIRON and its capability for forecasting dust uptake and transport, in Proc. of the WMO conference on dust storms, Damascus, Syria, p 9, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Klett, J. D.: Lidar inversion with variable backscatter/extinction ratios, Appl. Opt. 24, 1638–1643, 1985. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Landulfo, E., Papayannis, A., Artaxo, P., Castanho, A. D. A., de Freitas, A. Z., Souza, R. F., Vieira Junior, N. D., Jorge, M. P. M. P., Sánchez-Ccoyllo, O. R., and Moreira, D. S.: Synergetic measurements of aerosols over São Paulo, Brazil using LIDAR, sunphotometer and satellite data during the dry season, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1523–1539, doi:10.5194/acp-3-1523-2003, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lu, R. and Turco, R.: Air pollutant transport in a coastal environment. PartI: Two-dimensional simulations of sea-breeze and mountains effects, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2285–2308, 1994. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Matthias, V. and Bösenberg, J.: Aerosol climatology for the planetary boundary layer derived from regular lidar measurements, Atmos. Res., 63, 221–245, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Matthias, V., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., Eixmann, R., Iarlori, M., Komguem, L., Mattis, I., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Perrone, M. R., and Wang, X.: Vertical aerosol distribution over Europe: Statistical analysis of Raman lidar data from 10 European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) stations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18201, doi:10.1029/2004JD004638, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mattis, I., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Wandinger, U., and Althausen, D.: Multiyear aerosol observations with dualwavelength Raman lidar in the framework of EARLINET, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13203, doi:10.1029/2004JD004600, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mattis, I., Mona, L., Müller, D., Pappalardo, G., Alados Arboledas, L., D&apos;Amico, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Baldasano, J. M., Böckmann, C., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovsky, A., Comeron, A., Giannakaki, E., Grigorov, I., Guerrero Rascado, J. L., Gustafsson, O., Hansen, G., Iarlori, M., Mitev, V., Molero Menéndez, F., Nicolae, D., Papayannis, A., Pérez García-Pando, C., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Putaud, J.-P., Ravetta, F., Rodríguez, A., Seifert, P., Sicard, M., Simeonov, V., Sobolewski, P., Spinelli, N., Stohl, A., Tesche, M., Trickl, T., Wandinger, U., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET correlative measurements for CALIPSO, in: Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing III, edited by: Singh, U. N. and Pappalardo, G., Procedings SPIE, 6750, 67500Z, doi:10.1117/12.7380902007, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Millán, M. M., Artiñano, B., Alonso, L., Castro, M., Fernandez-Patier, R., and Goberna, J.: Meso-meteorological Cycles of Air Pollution in the Iberian Peninsula (MECAPIP). Air Pollution Research Report 44 (EUR No. 14834) CEC-DG XII/E-1 (1992) Rue de la Loi, 200, B-1040, Brussels, 1992. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Millán, M. M., Salvador R., Mantilla E., and Kallos, G.: Photo-oxidant dynamics in the Mediterranean basin in summer: results from European research projects, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8811–8823, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mona, L., Amodeo, A., Pandolfi, M., and Pappalardo, G.: Saharan dust intrusions in the Mediterranean area: Three years of Raman lidar measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16203, doi:10.1029/2005JD006569, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Montserrat, D.: Situaciones sinópticas relacionadas con el inicio de grandes incendios forestales en Cataluña, Nimbus, 1–2, 93–112, 1998. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Müller, D., Heinold, B., Tesche, M., Tegen, I., Althausen, D., Amiridis, V., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Comeron, A., D&apos;Amico, G., Gerasopoulos, E., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Freudenthaler, V., Giannakaki, E., Heese, B., Iarlori, M., Mamouri, R. E., Mona, L., Papayannis, A., Pappalardo, G., Perrone, R.-M., Pisani, G., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Spinelli, N., Tafuro, A., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET observations of the 14–22~May long-range dust transport event during SAMUM 2006: validation of results from dust transport modelling, Tellus B, 61, 325–339, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Nickovic S., Papadopoulos A., Kakaliagou O., and Kallos, G.: A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 18113–18129, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Papayannis, A., Amiridis, V., Mona, L., Tsaknakis, G., Balis, D., Bösenberg, J., Chaikovski, A., De Tomasi, F., Grigorov, I., Mattis, I., Mitev, V., Müller, D., Nickovic, S., Pérez, C., Pietruczuk, A., Pisani, G., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Sicard, M., Trickl, T., Wiegner, M., Gerding, M., Mamoury, R., Di Amico, G., and Pappalardo, G.: Systematic lidar observations of Saharan dust over Europe in the frame of EARLINET (2000–2002), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10204, doi:10.1029/2007JD009028, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pappalardo, G., Bösenberg, J., Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Böckmann, C., Chaikovsky, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Hansen, G., Mitev, V., Nicolae, D., Papayannis, A., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Putaud, J.-P., Ravetta, F., Rizi, V., Simeonov, V., Spinelli, N., Stoyanov, D., Trickl, T., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET-ASOS: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network-Advanced Sustainable Observation System, American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pappalardo, G., Papayannis, A., Bösenberg, J., Ansmann, A., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Böckmann, C., Chaikovsky, A., Comeron, A., Gustafsson, O., Hansen, G., Mitev, V., Mona, L., Nicolae, D., Perrone, M. R., Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Putaud, J.-P., Ravetta, F., Rizi, F., Simeonov, V., Spinelli, N., Stoyanov, D., Trickl, T., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET coordinated lidar observations of Saharan dust events on continental scale, IOP Conf. Ser., Earth Environ. Sci,, 7, 1, doi:10.1088/1755-1307/7/1/012002, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pappalardo, G., Wandinger, U., Mona, L., Hiebsch, A., Mattis, I, Amodeo, A., Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Linné, H., Apituley, A., Alados Arboledas, L., Balis, D., Chaikovsky, A., D&apos;Amico, G., De Tomasi, F., Freudenthaler, V., Giannakaki, E., Giunta, A., Grigorov, I., Iarlori, M., Madonna, F., Mamouri, R.-E., Nasti, L., Papayannis, A:, Pietruczuk, A., Pujadas, M., Rizi, V. Rocadenbosch, F., Russo, F., Schnell, F., Spinelli, N., Wang, X., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET correlative measurements for CALIPSO: First intercomparison results, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00H19, doi:10.1029/2009JD012147, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pelon, J., Flamant, C., Chazette, P., Léon, J.-F., Tanré, D., Sicard, M., and Satheesh, S. K.: Characterization of aerosol spatial distribution and optical properties over the Indian Ocean from airborne lidar and radiometry during INDOEX&apos;99, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8029–8041, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pérez, C., Nickovic, S., Baldasano, J. M., Sicard, M., Rocadenbosch, F., and Cachorro, V. E.: A long Saharan dust event over the western Mediterranean: Lidar, sun photometer observations, and regional dust modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15214, doi:10.1029/2005JD006579, 2006a. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pérez, C., Nickovic, S., Pejanovic, G., Baldasano, J. M., and Ozsoy, E.: Interactive dust-radiation modeling: A step to improve weather forecasts, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 1–17, D16206, doi:10.1029/2005JD006717, 2006b. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pérez, N., Pey, J., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Lopez, J.M., and Viana, M.: Partitioning of major and trace components in PM$_10$-PM$_2.5$-PM$_1$ at an urban site in Southern Europe, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1677–1691, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Querol, X., Rodríguez, S., Cuevas, E., Viana, M., and Alastuey, A.: Intrusiones de masas de aire africano sobre la Península Ibérica y Canarias: Mecanismos de transporte y variación estacional, 3$^\rm a$ Asamblea Hispano Portuguesa de Geodesia y Geofísica, Valencia, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref40">
<label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Reba, M. N. M., Rocadenbosch, F., Sicard, M., Kumar, D., and Tomás, S.: On the lidar ratio estimation from the synergy between AERONET sun-photometer data and elastic lidar inversion, Proc. of the 25th International Laser Radar Conference, vol. 2, ISBN 978-5-94458-109-9, Saint-Petersburg (Rusia), 5–9~July~2010, 1102–1105, 2010a. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref41">
<label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Reba, M. N. M.: Data processing and inversion interfacing the UPC elastic-Raman lidar system, PhD Thesis., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain, 2010b. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref42">
<label>42</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rocadenbosch, F., Sicard, M., Comerón, A., Baldasano, J. M., Rodríguez, A., Agishev, R., Muñoz, C., López, M. A., and García-Vizcaino, D.: The UPC scanning Raman lidar: an engineering overview, Proceeding of the 21st ILRC, 1, 69–70, 2002.  </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref43">
<label>43</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rodríguez, S., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Kallos, G., and Kakaliagou, O.: Saharan dust contributions to PM$_10$ and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain, Atmos. Environ., 35, 2433–2447, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref44">
<label>44</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rodríguez, S., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., and Mantilla, E.: Origin of high summer PM10 and TSP concentrations at rural sites in Eastern Spain, Atmos, Environ., 36, 3101–3112, 2002a. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref45">
<label>45</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rodríguez, S.: Sources and processes affecting levels and composition of atmospheric particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean. PhD Thesis. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain (available at http://www.tdx.cesca.es/TDX-1217102-164843/), 2002b. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref46">
<label>46</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Rolph, G. D.: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, available at: http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref47">
<label>47</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Santacesaria, V., Marenco, F., Balis, D., Papayannis, A., and Zerefos, C.: Lidar observations of the Planetary Boundary Layer above the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, Il Nuovo Cimento, 21, 585–596, 1988. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref48">
<label>48</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sasano, Y. and Nakane, H.: Significance of the extinction/backscatter ratio and the boundary value term in the solution for the two-component lidar equation, Appl. Opt. 23, 11–13, 1984. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref49">
<label>49</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sicard, M., Pérez, C., Rocadenbosch, F., Baldasano, J. M., and García-Vizcaino, D.: Mixed-layer depth determination in the Barcelona coastal area from regular lidar measurements: methods, results and limitations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 119, 135–157, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref50">
<label>50</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sokolik, I. N. and Toon, O. B.: Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9423–9444, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref51">
<label>51</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Müller, D., Althausen, D., Mattis, I., Heese, B., Freundenthaler, V., Wiegner, M., Esselborn, M., Pisani, G., and Knippertz, P.: Vertical profiling of Saharan dust with Raman lidars and airborne HSRL in southern Morocco during SAMUM, Tellus B, 61, 144–164, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref52">
<label>52</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wandinger, U., Müller, D., Böckmann, C., Althausen, D., Matthias, V., Bösenberg, J., Weiß, V., Fiebig, M., Wendisch, M., Stohl, A., and Ansmann, A.: Optical and microphysical characterization of biomass-burning and industrial-pollution aerosols from multiwavelength lidar and aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D21), 8125, doi:10.1029/2000JD000202, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref53">
<label>53</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Winker, D. M., Hunt, W. H., and McGill, M. J.: Initial performance assessment of CALIOP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L19803, doi:10.1029/2007GL030135, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>