<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACP</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACP</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7324</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acp-11-1379-2011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Sensitivity of stratospheric Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; to uncertainties in very short lived substance emissions and atmospheric transport</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schofield</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fueglistaler</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wohltmann</surname>
<given-names>I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rex</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>now at: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>16</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>1379</fpage>
<lpage>1392</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1379/2011/acp-11-1379-2011.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1379/2011/acp-11-1379-2011.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1379/2011/acp-11-1379-2011.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/1379/2011/acp-11-1379-2011.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We evaluate the sensitivity of Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; entering the
      stratosphere with a simplified model that allows calculations
      over a wide parameter range for parameters that are currently
      poorly quantified.  The model examines the transport process
      uncertainties in the source concentrations and lifetimes, in
      the convective parameterization and in the inorganic bromine
      washout process due to dehydration. Source concentrations at
      the surface and lifetimes were found to have a slight effect
      on the resultant Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; (1 ppt), however this was
      highly dependent upon, with increasing significance, the
      BL component of convectively delivered air. Efficiency of
      convective delivery of boundary layer (BL) air to the tropical
      tropopause layer (TTL) along with washout at the CPT were
      found to substantially affect Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; at 400 K – altering
      the delivered Br&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt; by 3.3 ppt and 2.9 ppt,
      respectively.  We find that the results critically depend on
      free tropospheric bromine source gas concentrations due to dilution
      of convective updrafts, and the processes that control free
      tropospheric bromine source gas concentrations require further attention.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="14"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Andreae, M O., Atlas, E., Harris, G W., Helas, G., deKock, A., Koppmann, R., Maenhaut, W., Man\o, S., Pollock, W H., Rudolph, J., Scharffe, D., Schebeske, G., and Welling, M.: Methyl halide emissions from savanna fires in southern Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, D19, 23603–23613, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Aschmann, J., Sinnhuber, B M., Atlas, E L., and Schauffler, S M.: Modeling the transport of very short-lived substances into the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 23, 9237–9247, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9237-2009doi:10.5194/acp-9-9237-2009, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Aschmann, J., Sinnhuber, B M., Chipperfield, M P., and Hossaini, R.: Impact of deep convection and dehydration on bromine loading in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 121–162, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-121-2011doi:10.5194/acpd-11-121-2011, 2011. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Carpenter, L J., Jones, C E., Dunk, R M., Hornsby, K E., and Woeltjen, J.: Air-sea fluxes of biogenic bromine from the tropical and North Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1805–1816, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4611-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-4611-2010, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dessler, A E.: The effect of deep, tropical convection on the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4033, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000511doi:10.1029/2001JD000511, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dessler, A E., Hanisco, T F., and Fueglistaler, S.: Effects of convective ice lofting on H2O and HDO in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008609doi:10.1029/2007JD008609, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dorf, M., Butler, J H., Butz, A., Camy-Peyret, C., Chipperfield, M P., Kritten, L., Montzka, S A., Simmes, B., Weidner, F., and Pfeilsticker, K.: Long-term observations of stratospheric bromine reveal slow down in growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L24803, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl027714doi:10.1029/2006gl027714, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Dvortsov, V L., Geller, M A., Solomon, S., Schauffler, S M., Atlas, E L., and Blake, D R.: Rethinking reactive halogen budgets in the midlatitude lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1699–1702, 1999. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> ECMWF: Integrated forecast system CY33r1 Documentation, Part IV: Physical Processes, chap. 5: Convection, p 69, http://www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/CY33r1/index.html, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Folkins, I., Bernath, P., Boone, C., Lesins, G., Livesey, N., Thompson, A M., Walker, K., and Witte, J C.: Seasonal cycles of O-3, CO, and convective outflow at the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L16802, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026602doi:10.1029/2006GL026602, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Fueglistaler, S., Wernli, H., and Peter, T.: Tropical troposphere-to-stratosphere transport inferred from trajectory calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03108, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004069doi:10.1029/2003JD004069, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Fueglistaler, S., Dessler, A E., Dunkerton, T J., Folkins, I., Fu, Q., and Mote, P W.: Tropical Tropopause Layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1004, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008rg000267doi:10.1029/2008rg000267, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Gettelman, A., Lauritzen, P H., Park, M., and Kay, J E.: Processes regulating short-lived species in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D13303, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jd011785doi:10.1029/2009jd011785, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hendrick, F., Van~Roozendael, M., Chipperfield, M P., Dorf, M., Goutail, F., Yang, X., Fayt, C., Hermans, C., Pfeilsticker, K., Pommereau, J P., Pyle, J A., Theys, N., and De~Maziére, M.: Retrieval of stratospheric and tropospheric BrO profiles and columns using ground-based zenith-sky DOAS observations at Harestua, 60 degrees N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 18, 4869–4885, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4869-2007doi:10.5194/acp-7-4869-2007, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hoskins, B J.: Towards a PV-Theta view of the general-circulation, Tellus, 43, 4, 27–35, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hossaini, R., Chipperfield, M P., Monge-Sanz, B M., Richards, N. A D., Atlas, E., and Blake, D R.: Bromoform and dibromomethane in the tropics: a 3-D model study of chemistry and transport, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2, 719–735, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-719-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-719-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> James, R., Bonazzola, M., Legras, B., Surbled, K., and Fueglistaler, S.: Water vapor transport and dehydration above convective outflow during Asian monsoon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20810, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035441doi:10.1029/2008GL035441, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kerkweg, A., Jöckel, P., Warwick, N., Gebhardt, S., Brenninkmeijer, C. A M., and Lelieveld, J.: Consistent simulation of bromine chemistry from the marine boundary layer to the stratosphere - Part 2: Bromocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 19, 5919–5939, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5919-2008doi:10.5194/acp-8-5919-2008, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Laube, J C., Engel, A., Bönisch, H.and~Mobius, T., Worton, D R., Sturges, W T., Grunow, K., and Schmidt, U.: Contribution of very short-lived organic substances to stratospheric chlorine and bromine in the tropics – a case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 23, 7325–7334, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-7325-2008doi:10.5194/acp-8-7325-2008, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Law, K S. and Sturges, W T.: Halogenated very short-lived substances, chap 2, 572~pp., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Lee, A M., Jones, R L., Kilbane-Dawe, I., and Pyle, J A.: Diagnosing ozone loss in the extratropical lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D11, 4110, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000538doi:10.1029/2001JD000538, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Liang, Q., Stolarski, R S., Kawa, S R., Nielsen, J E., Douglass, A R., Rodriguez, J M., Blake, D R., Atlas, E L., and Ott, L E.: Finding the missing stratospheric Br-y: a global modeling study of CHBr3 and CH2Br2, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5, 2269–2286, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2269-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-2269-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref23">
<label>23</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Livesey, N J., Kovalenko, L J., Salawitch, R J., MacKenzie, I A., Chipperfield, M P., Read, W G., Jarnot, R F., and Waters, J W.: EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations of upper stratospheric BrO: Implications for total bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20817, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026930doi:10.1029/2006gl026930, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref24">
<label>24</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Montzka, S A., Butler, J H., Hall, B D., Mondeel, D J., and Elkins, J W.: A decline in tropospheric organic bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 15, 1826, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003gl017745doi:10.1029/2003gl017745, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref25">
<label>25</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Romps, D M. and Kuang, Z M.: Do Undiluted Convective Plumes Exist in the Upper Tropical Troposphere?, J. Atmos. Sci., 67(2), 468–484, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3184.1doi:10.1175/2009jas3184.1, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref26">
<label>26</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Salawitch, R J., Weisenstein, D K., Kovalenko, L J., Sioris, C E., Wennberg, P O., Chance, K., Ko, M. K W., and McLinden, C A.: Sensitivity of ozone to bromine in the lower stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L05811, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021504doi:10.1029/2004GL021504, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref27">
<label>27</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Schofield, R., Kreher, K., Connor, B J., Johnston, P., Thomas, A., Shooter, D., Chipperfield, M., Rodgers, C D., and Mount, G.: Retrieved tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Lauder, New Zealand, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14304, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004463doi:10.1029/2003JD004463, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref28">
<label>28</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Schofield, R., Johnston, P V., Thomas, A., Kreher, K., Connor, B J., Wood, S., Shooter, D., Chipperfield, M P., Richter, A., von Glasow, R., and Rodgers, C D.: Tropospheric and stratospheric BrO columns over Arrival Heights, Antarctica, 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22310, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD007022doi:10.1029/2005JD007022, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref29">
<label>29</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Simmons, A J., Uppala, S., Dee, D., and Kobayashi, S.: ERA Interim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newsl., 110, 25–35, 2007. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref30">
<label>30</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sinnhuber, B M. and Folkins, I.: Estimating the contribution of bromoform to stratospheric bromine and its relation to dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4755–4761, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4755-2006doi:10.5194/acp-6-4755-2006, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref31">
<label>31</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sinnhuber, B M., Arlander, D W., Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J P., Chipperfield, M P., Enell, C F., Frieß, U., Hendrick, F., Johnston, P V., Jones, R L., Kreher, K., Mohamed-Tahrin, N., Müller, R., Pfeilsticker, K., Platt, U., Pommereau, J, P., Pundt, I., Richter, A., South, A., T$\o$rnkvist, K K., Van~Roozendael, M., Wagner, T., and Wittrock, F.: Comparison of measurements and model calculations of stratospheric bromine monoxide, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4398, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000940doi:10.1029/2001JD000940, 2002. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref32">
<label>32</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sinnhuber, B M., Rozanov, A., Sheode, N., Afe, O T., Richter, A., Sinnhuber, M., Wittrock, F., Burrows, J P., Stiller, G P., von Clarmann, T., and Linden, A.: Global observations of stratospheric bromine monoxide from SCIAMACHY, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20810, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023839doi:10.1029/2005GL023839, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref33">
<label>33</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Sioris, C E., Kovalenko, L J., McLinden, C A., Salawitch, R J., Van~Roozendael, M., Goutail, F., Dorf, M., Pfeilsticker, K., Chance, K., von Savigny, C., Liu, X., Kurosu, T P., Pommereau, J P., Bosch, H., and Frerick, J.: Latitudinal and vertical distribution of bromine monoxide in the lower stratosphere from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography limb scattering measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14301, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006479doi:10.1029/2005jd006479, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref34">
<label>34</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Theys, N., Van~Roozendael, M., Errera, Q., Hendrick, F., Daerden, F., Chabrillat, S., Dorf, M., Pfeilsticker, K., Rozanov, A., Lotz, W., Burrows, J P., Lambert, J C., Goutail, F., Roscoe, H K., and De~Maziére, M.: A global stratospheric bromine monoxide climatology based on the BASCOE chemical transport model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9(3), 831–848, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-831-2009doi:10.5194/acp-9-831-2009, 2009. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref35">
<label>35</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Tost, H., Lawrence, M G., Brühl, C., Jöckel, P., Team, G., and Team, S.-O.-D A.: Uncertainties in atmospheric chemistry modelling due to convection parameterisations and subsequent scavenging, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4, 1931–1951, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1931-2010doi:10.5194/acp-10-1931-2010, 2010. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref36">
<label>36</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> von Glasow, R., von Kuhlmann, R., Lawrence, M G., Platt, U., and Crutzen, P J.: Impact of reactive bromine chemistry in the troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2481–2497, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2481-2004doi:10.5194/acp-4-2481-2004, 2004. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref37">
<label>37</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Warwick, N J., Pyle, J A., Carver, G D., Yang, X., Savage, N H., O&apos;Connor, F M., and Cox, R A.: Global modeling of biogenic bromocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D24305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007264doi:10.1029/2006jd007264, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref38">
<label>38</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> WMO: Scientific assessment of ozone depletion, 2006 : report of the Montreal Protocol Scientific Assessment Panel, Tech. rep., WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No 50, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref39">
<label>39</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wofsy, S C., McElroy, M B., and Yung, Y L.: The Chemistry of Atmospheric Bromine, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 215–218, 1975. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref40">
<label>40</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Wohltmann, I. and Rex, M.: Improvement of vertical and residual velocities in pressure or hybrid sigma-pressure coordinates in analysis data in the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2, 265–272, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-265-2008doi:10.5194/acp-8-265-2008, 2008. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref41">
<label>41</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Yang, X., Cox, R A., Warwick, N J., Pyle, J A., Carver, G D., O&apos;Connor, F M., and Savage, N H.: Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23311, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006244doi:10.1029/2005jd006244, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref42">
<label>42</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Yokouchi, Y., Hasebe, F., Fujiwara, M., Takashima, H., Shiotani, M., Nishi, N., Kanaya, Y., Hashimoto, S., Fraser, P., Toom-Sauntry, D., Mukai, H., and Nojiri, Y.: Correlations and emission ratios among bromoform, dibromochloromethane, and dibromomethane in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D23309, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006303doi:10.1029/2005jd006303, 2005. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>