References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-11-121-2011

Second-generation products contribute substantially to the particle-phase organic material produced by β-caryophyllene ozonolysis

Y. J.

¹ ² Chen

³ Guzman

M. I.

³ ⁶ Chan

C. K.

² ⁴ Martin

S. T.

³ ⁵

Environmental Engineering Program, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

now at: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

06 01 2011

11 1 121 132

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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The production of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by the dark ozonolysis of gas-phase β-caryophyllene was studied. The experiments were conducted in a continuous-flow environmental chamber for organic particle mass concentrations of 0.5 to 30 μg m−3 and with ozone in excess, thereby allowing the study of second-generation particle-phase products under atmospherically relevant conditions. The particle-phase products were characterized by an ultra-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-ToF-MS). Fragmentation mass spectra were used for the structural elucidation of each product, and the structures were confirmed as consistent with the accurate m/z values of the parent ions. In total, fifteen products were identified. Of these, three are reported for the first time. The structures showed that 9 out of 15 particle-phase products were second generation, including all three of the new products. The relative abundance of the second-generation products was approximately 90% by mass among the 15 observed products. The O:C and H:C elemental ratios of the 15 products ranged from 0.13 to 0.50 and from 1.43 to 1.60, respectively. Fourteen of the products contained 3 to 5 oxygen atoms. A singular product, which was one of the three newly identified ones, had 7 oxygen atoms, including 1 carboxylic group, 2 carbonyl groups, and 3 hydroxyl groups. It was identified as 2, 3-dihydroxy-4-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-oxobutyl)-3, 3-dimethylcyclobutyl]-4-oxobutanoic acid (C14H22O7). The estimated saturation vapor pressure of this product is 3.3×10−13 Pa, making this product a candidate contributor to new particle formation in the atmosphere.

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