ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-11-10331-2011 Evaluation of a three-dimensional chemical transport model (PMCAMx) in the European domain during the EUCAARI May 2008 campaign Fountoukis C. 1 Racherla P. N. 2 Denier van der Gon H. A. C. 3 Polymeneas P. 4 Charalampidis P. E. 4 Pilinis C. 4 Wiedensohler A. 5 Dall'Osto M. 6 O'Dowd C. 6 9 Pandis S. N. 1 7 8 Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Patras, Greece NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, 81100, Mytilene, Greece Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany School of Physics and Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA now at: Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (ID�A-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain 18 10 2011 11 20 10331 10347 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/10331/2011/acp-11-10331-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/10331/2011/acp-11-10331-2011.pdf

PMCAMx-2008, a detailed three-dimensional chemical transport model (CTM), was applied to Europe to simulate the mass concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) during May 2008. The model includes a state-of-the-art organic aerosol module which is based on the volatility basis set framework treating both primary and secondary organic components as semivolatile and photochemically reactive. The model performance is evaluated against high time resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) ground and airborne measurements. Overall, organic aerosol is predicted to account for 32% of total PM<sub>1</sub> at ground level during May 2008, followed by sulfate (30%), crustal material and sea-salt (14%), ammonium (13%), nitrate (7%), and elemental carbon (4%). The model predicts that fresh primary OA (POA) is a small contributor to organic PM concentrations in Europe during late spring, and that oxygenated species (oxidized primary and biogenic secondary) dominate the ambient OA. The Mediterranean region is the only area in Europe where sulfate concentrations are predicted to be much higher than the OA, while organic matter is predicted to be the dominant PM<sub>1</sub> species in central and northern Europe. The comparison of the model predictions with the ground measurements in four measurement stations is encouraging. The model reproduces more than 94% of the daily averaged data and more than 87% of the hourly data within a factor of 2 for PM<sub>1</sub> OA. The model tends to predict relatively flat diurnal profiles for PM<sub>1</sub> OA in many areas, both rural and urban in agreement with the available measurements. The model performance against the high time resolution airborne measurements at multiple altitudes and locations is as good as its performance against the ground level hourly measurements. There is no evidence of missing sources of OA aloft over Europe during this period.

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