Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 10 3 2010 10.5194/acp-10-977-2010 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/977/2010/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/977/2010/acp-10-977-2010.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/977/2010/acp-10-977-2010.pdf 977 996 2010-02-01 Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide J. A. Fisher jafisher@fas.harvard.edu D. J. Jacob M. T. Purdy M. Kopacz P. Le Sager C. Carouge C. D. Holmes R. M. Yantosca R. L. Batchelor K. Strong G. S. Diskin H. E. Fuelberg J. S. Holloway E. J. Hyer W. W. McMillan J. Warner D. G. Streets Q. Zhang Y. Wang S. Wu Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA now at: Risk Management Solutions, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA now at: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003–2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month<sup>−1</sup> for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003–2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. 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