ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-10-9441-2010 Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate: what is the optimal emission reduction strategy for human health? Löndahl J. 1 Swietlicki E. 1 Lindgren E. 2 Loft S. 3 Div. of Nuclear Physics, Dept. of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Div. of Global Health, Dept. of Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Dept. of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 07 10 2010 10 19 9441 9449 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9441/2010/acp-10-9441-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9441/2010/acp-10-9441-2010.pdf

Particles, climate change, and health have thought-provoking interactions. Air pollution is one of the largest environmental problems concerning human health. On the other hand, aerosol particles can have a cooling effect on climate and a reduction of those emissions may result in an increased temperature globally, which in turn may have negative health effects. The objective of this work was to investigate the "total health effects" of aerosol emissions, which include both exposure to particles and consequences for climate change initiated by particles. As a case study the "total health effect" from ship emissions was derived by subtracting the number of deaths caused by exposure with the estimated number of lives saved from the cooling effect of the emissions. The analysis showed that, with current level of scientific understanding, it could not be determined whether ship emissions are negative or positive for human health on a short time scale. This first attempt to approximate the combined effect of particle emissions on health shows that reductions of particulate air pollution will in some cases (black carbon) have win-win effects on health and climate, but sometimes also cause a shift from particle exposure-related health effects towards an increasing risk of health consequences from climate change. Thus, measures to reduce aerosol emissions have to be coupled with climate change mitigation actions to achieve a full health benefit on a global level.

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