References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-10-9039-2010

In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign

Voigt

¹ ² Schumann

¹ Jurkat

¹ Schäuble

¹ ² Schlager

¹ Petzold

¹ Gayet

J.-F.

³ Krämer

⁴ Schneider

⁵ Borrmann

² ⁵ Schmale

⁵ Jessberger

¹ Hamburger

¹ Lichtenstern

¹ Scheibe

¹ Gourbeyre

³ Meyer

⁴ Kübbeler

⁴ Frey

² Kalesse

² Butler

⁵ Lawrence

M. G.

⁵ Holzäpfel

¹ Arnold

¹ ⁶ Wendisch

⁷ Döpelheuer

⁸ Gottschaldt

¹ Baumann

¹ Zöger

⁹ Sölch

¹ Rautenhaus

¹ Dörnbrack

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Universite Clermont Ferrand, LaMP, Clermont Ferrand, France

Institut für Stratosphärenforschung, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany

Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany

Institut für Meteorologie, Universität Leipzig, Germany

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Antriebstechnik, Köln, Germany

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Flugabteilung, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

30 09 2010

10 18 9039 9056

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Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in October/November 2008. The Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure the particle size distribution, shape, extinction and chemical composition as well as trace gas mixing ratios of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Europe, numerous contrails, cirrus clouds and a volcanic aerosol layer were probed at altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and at temperatures above 213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing ratios, ice crystal and soot number densities are compared to a process based contrail model. On 19 November 2008 the contrail from a CRJ-2 aircraft was penetrated in 10.1 km altitude at a temperature of 221 K. The contrail had mean ice crystal number densities of 125 cm−3 with effective radii reff of 2.6 μm. The presence of particles with r>50 μm in the less than 2 min old contrail suggests that natural cirrus crystals were entrained in the contrail. Mean HONO/NO (HONO/NOy) ratios of 0.037 (0.024) and the fuel sulfur conversion efficiency to H2SO4 (εS↓) of 2.9 % observed in the CRJ-2 contrail are in the range of previous measurements in the gaseous aircraft exhaust. On 31 October 2010 aviation NO emissions could have contributed by more than 40% to the regional scale NO levels in the mid-latitude lowest stratosphere. The CONCERT observations help to better quantify the climate impact from contrails and will be used to investigate the chemical processing of trace gases on contrails.

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