References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-10-855-2010

Global estimates of CO sources with high resolution by adjoint inversion of multiple satellite datasets (MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, TES)

Kopacz

¹ ¹⁰ Jacob

D. J.

¹ Fisher

J. A.

¹ Logan

J. A.

¹ Zhang

¹ Megretskaia

I. A.

¹ Yantosca

R. M.

¹ Singh

² Henze

D. K.

³ Burrows

J. P.

⁴ Buchwitz

⁴ Khlystova

⁴ McMillan

W. W.

⁵ Gille

J. C.

⁶ Edwards

D. P.

⁶ Eldering

⁷ Thouret

⁸ ⁹ Nedelec

⁸ ⁹

School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO, USA

Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA

Universit de Toulouse, UPS, LA (Laboratoire d'Arologie), 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

CNRS, LA (Laboratoire d'A'erologie), 31400 Toulouse, France

now at: Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

01 02 2010

10 3 855 876

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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We combine CO column measurements from the MOPITT, AIRS, SCIAMACHY, and TES satellite instruments in a full-year (May 2004–April 2005) global inversion of CO sources at 4°×5° spatial resolution and monthly temporal resolution. The inversion uses the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) and its adjoint applied to MOPITT, AIRS, and SCIAMACHY. Observations from TES, surface sites (NOAA/GMD), and aircraft (MOZAIC) are used for evaluation of the a posteriori solution. Using GEOS-Chem as a common intercomparison platform shows global consistency between the different satellite datasets and with the in situ data. Differences can be largely explained by different averaging kernels and a priori information. The global CO emission from combustion as constrained in the inversion is 1350 Tg a−1. This is much higher than current bottom-up emission inventories. A large fraction of the correction results from a seasonal underestimate of CO sources at northern mid-latitudes in winter and suggests a larger-than-expected CO source from vehicle cold starts and residential heating. Implementing this seasonal variation of emissions solves the long-standing problem of models underestimating CO in the northern extratropics in winter-spring. A posteriori emissions also indicate a general underestimation of biomass burning in the GFED2 inventory. However, the tropical biomass burning constraints are not quantitatively consistent across the different datasets.

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