ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-10-3965-2010 Greenhouse gas relationships in the Indian summer monsoon plume measured by the CARIBIC passenger aircraft Schuck T. J. 1 Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. 1 Baker A. K. 1 Slemr F. 1 von Velthoven P. F. J. 2 Zahn A. 3 Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany 27 04 2010 10 8 3965 3984 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/3965/2010/acp-10-3965-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/3965/2010/acp-10-3965-2010.pdf

During the Indian summer monsoon period 2008, regular measurement flights were performed by the CARIBIC aircraft between Germany and India. Measurements included whole air sampling and subsequent analysis for greenhouse gases (CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, SF<sub>6</sub>) and in-situ measurements of CO, O<sub>3</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O. For all these tracers a distinct monsoon signature was observed in the longitude range 50–80&deg; E south of 40&deg; N at flight altitudes 8–12.5 km. The formation of a monsoon plume with enhanced mixing ratios was observed for CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, SF<sub>6</sub>, CO and H<sub>2</sub>O. The plume began to develop in May and persisted through September, and maximum mixing ratios and maximum spatial extension of the plume were observed in August. For CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> a minimum was observed. The amplitude of the CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal cycle was larger than at comparable latitudes outside the monsoon region, and the CO<sub>2</sub> spring maximum was observed with a delay of one month. Different tracer relationships show strong spatial variations across the plume. The comparison with NOAA ground station data shows a clear enhancement for CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, SF<sub>6</sub> and CO and a decrease in CO<sub>2</sub> mixing ratios. Assuming seasonally invariant SF<sub>6</sub> emissions based on the EDGAR 4.0 inventory, monthly emissions were estimated for the period June–September for CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CO, and the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake was estimated. While for N<sub>2</sub>O an emission decrease during the monsoon period was derived, emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> were highest in September indicating a different seasonal cycle of emissions. Net CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by the vegetation was largest in September.

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