ACP Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ACP 1680-7324 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acp-10-11305-2010 The relative importance of various source regions on East Asian surface ozone Nagashima T. 1 Ohara T. 1 Sudo K. 2 3 Akimoto H. 4 Asian Environment Research Group, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan 30 11 2010 10 22 11305 11322 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/11305/2010/acp-10-11305-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/11305/2010/acp-10-11305-2010.pdf

We estimated the source-receptor relationship for surface O<sub>3</sub> in East Asia during the early 2000s using a method that tags O<sub>3</sub> tracers according to their region of chemical production (tagged tracer method) with a global chemical transport model. The estimation demonstrated the importance of intracontinental transport of O<sub>3</sub> inside East Asia as well as of the transport of O<sub>3</sub> from distant source regions. The model well simulated the absolute concentration and seasonal variation of surface O<sub>3</sub> in East Asia and demonstrated significant seasonal differences in the origin of surface O<sub>3</sub>. In the cold season (October to March), more than half of surface O<sub>3</sub> in East Asia is attributable to the O<sub>3</sub> transported from distant sources outside of East Asia. In the warm season (April to September), most of the surface O<sub>3</sub> is attributable to O<sub>3</sub> created within East Asia in most areas of East Asia. In spring the contribution of domestically created O<sub>3</sub> accounted for 20% of the surface O<sub>3</sub> in Japan and the Korean Peninsula, 40% in the North China Plain, and around 50% in the southern part of China, and the domestic contribution increased greatly in summer. The contributions of O<sub>3</sub> created in China and the Korean Peninsula to O<sub>3</sub> in Japan were estimated at about 10% and 5%, respectively. We also demonstrated a large contribution (20%) from China to the Korean Peninsula. In the northern and southern parts of China, large contributions of over 10% from East Siberia and the Indochina Peninsula, respectively, were identified. The contribution from intercontinental transport increased with latitude; it was 21% in Northeast China and 13% in Japan and the Korean Peninsula in spring. As for the hourly mean of surface O<sub>3</sub>, domestically created O<sub>3</sub> was the main contributor in most areas of East Asia, except for the low O<sub>3</sub> class (<30 ppbv), and accounted for more than 50% in the very high O<sub>3</sub> class (>90 ppbv). The mean relative contribution of O<sub>3</sub> created in China to O<sub>3</sub> in central Japan was about 10% in every class, but that created in the Korean Peninsula was significant in all except the low O<sub>3</sub> class. We identified the substantial impact of foreign sources on Japan's ambient air quality standard in the high O<sub>3</sub> class (60–90 ppbv) in spring.

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